Cannabis

Cannabis is a popular recreational drug around the world, only behind , , and . In the United States alone, it is believed that over 100 million Americans have tried cannabis, with 25 million Americans having used it within the past year.[][92]

The psychoactive effects of cannabis are known to have a triphasic nature. Primary psychoactive effects include a state of relaxation, and to a lesser degree, euphoria from its main psychoactive compound, . Secondary psychoactive effects, such as a facility for philosophical thinking, and have been reported among cases of and ., a psychoactive metabolite of produced in the .

Normal cognition is restored after approximately three hours for larger doses via a , or . and his apprentices, including Jason Harris of . [94]

Various exist, including extracts such as hashish and hash oil when left unregulated.

(CBD), which has no psychotropic effects by itself), the higher anxiety levels caused by alone.[97]

According to by British researchers in 2007, cannabis has a lower risk factor for compared to both nicotine and alcohol., such as irritability or insomnia, may increase as levels of THC metabolites rise. However, cannabis withdrawal symptoms are typically mild and are not life-threatening.[101]

Risk of adverse outcomes from cannabis use may be reduced by implementation of evidence-based education and intervention tools communicated to the public with practical regulation measures.[102]

Medical use

Medical cannabis (or medical marijuana) refers to the use of and its constituent , in an effort to treat disease or improve symptoms. Cannabis is used to during , to improve appetite in people with , and to treat and . Cannabinoids are under preliminary research for their potential to affect ., , , and psychosis.[106]

Short-term use increases both minor and major adverse effects. are not clear. in young people, and the risk of children taking it by accident.[103]

Industrial use (hemp)

The term hemp is used to name the durable soft fiber from the Cannabis (stalk). Cannabis sativa cultivars are used for fibers due to their long stems; Sativa varieties may grow more than six metres tall. However, hemp can refer to any industrial or foodstuff product that is not intended for use as a drug. Many countries regulate limits for psychoactive compound () concentrations in products labeled as hemp.

Cannabis for industrial uses is valuable in tens of thousands of commercial products, especially as fibre, , and textiles in general, to . Hemp is stronger and longer-lasting than . It also is a useful source of foodstuffs (hemp milk, hemp seed, hemp oil) and . Hemp has been used by many civilizations, from to (and later ) during the last 12,000 years. In modern times novel applications and improvements have been explored with modest commercial success.

Ancient and religious uses

The Cannabis plant has a history of medicinal use dating back thousands of years across many cultures. district of the in northwest , have revealed the 2700-year-old grave of a . He is thought to have belonged to the recorded in the area centuries later in the , Chap 96B., the psychoactive component of cannabis. The cannabis was presumably employed by this culture as a medicinal or psychoactive agent, or an aid to divination. This is the oldest documentation of cannabis as a pharmacologically active agent. in Western China, where cannabis residue were found in burners with charred pebbles possibly used during funeral rituals.

Settlements which date from c. 2200–1700 BCE in the and contained elaborate ritual structures with rooms containing everything needed for making drinks containing extracts from poppy (opium), hemp (cannabis), and (which contains ). to the and had begun by 3rd millennium BC Smoking hemp has been found at .[118]

Cannabis is first referred to in between 2000 and 1400 BCE, in the . By the 10th century CE, it has been suggested that it was referred to by some in India as "food of the gods".. One of the earliest to use this plant in medical purposes was , one of the 18 .[] The plant is called Korakkar Mooli in the , meaning Korakkar's herb.

In , cannabis is generally regarded as an intoxicant and may be a hindrance to development of meditation and clear awareness. In ancient , Cannabis was associated with the love goddess, . An anointing oil mentioned in Exodus is, by some translators, said to contain Cannabis. have used Cannabis in a spiritual context since the 13th century CE.[127]

In modern times, the has embraced Cannabis as a sacrament., a founded in the in 1975 with no ties to either or the , consider Cannabis to be the , claiming it as an oral tradition from dating back to the time of . Christian sects have asserted that Cannabis is the . Other organized founded in the 20th century that treat Cannabis as a are the ,,. Rastafarians tend to be among the biggest consumers of modern Cannabis use.

Cannabis is frequently used among that exerts strong influence over local Muslim practices in , , , , and . Cannabis preparations are frequently used at Sufi festivals in those countries. in province is particularly renowned for the widespread use of cannabis at the shrine's celebrations, especially its annual festival and Thursday evening dhamaal sessions - or meditative dancing sessions.

The word cannabis is from κάνναβις (kánnabis) (see cannabis), or . kanab, the English canvas and possibly the English ( hænep).[139]

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