Brazil

The architecture of Brazil is influenced by Europe, especially Portugal. It has a history that goes back 500 years to the time when discovered Brazil in 1500. was the first wave of architecture to go to Brazil. In the 19th century during the time of the , Brazil followed European trends and adopted and . Then in the 20th century especially in Brasilia, Brazil experimented with .

The colonial architecture of Brazil dates to the early 16th century when Brazil was first explored, conquered and settled by the Portuguese. The Portuguese built architecture familiar to them in Europe in their aim to colonize Brazil. They built Portuguese colonial architecture which included churches, civic architecture including houses and forts in Brazilian cities and the countryside. During 19th century Brazilian architecture saw the introduction of more European styles to Brazil such as Neoclassical and Gothic Revival architecture. This was usually mixed with Brazilian influences from their own heritage which produced a unique form of Brazilian architecture. In the 1950s the was introduced when was built as new federal capital in the interior of Brazil to help develop the interior. The architect idealized and built government buildings, churches and civic buildings in the modernist style.

Music

The music of Brazil was formed mainly from the fusion of European and African elements. The major contribution of the African element was the rhythmic diversity and some dances and instruments that had a bigger role in the development of popular music and folk, flourishing especially in the twentieth century.[438]

Popular music since the late eighteenth century began to show signs of forming a characteristically Brazilian sound, with considered the most typical and on the UNESCO cultural heritage list. and are two music traditions that have been popularized by their appearance in the annual . is usually played with its own music referred to as , which is usually considered to be a call-and-response type of folk music. is a type of folk music prominent during the in .,

is a very popular music instrumental style. Its origins are in 19th-century Rio de Janeiro. In spite of the name, the style often has a fast and happy rhythm, characterized by virtuosity, improvisation, subtle and full of and . is also a well-known style of Brazilian music developed and popularized in the 1950s and 1960s. The phrase "bossa nova" means literally "new trend"., bossa nova acquired a large following starting in the 1960s.[449]

Literature

dates back to the 16th century, to the writings of the first Portuguese explorers in Brazil, such as , filled with descriptions of , and commentary about the indigenous population that fascinated European readers.

Brazil produced significant works in – novelists like and wrote novels about love and pain. Alencar, in his long career, also treated indigenous people as heroes in the novels , and ., one of his contemporaries, wrote in virtually all genres and continues to gain international prestige from critics worldwide.[455]

, evidenced by the in 1922, was concerned with a nationalist avant-garde literature, brought a generation of distinct poets like , , , , , , and internationally known writers dealing with universal and regional subjects like , , and .[459]

Cuisine

Brazilian cuisine varies greatly by region, reflecting the country's varying mix of indigenous and immigrant populations. This has created a national cuisine marked by the preservation of regional differences., considered the country's national dish;, , (from Italian cuisine) and (from African cuisine).[462]

The national beverage is and is Brazil's native . Cachaça is distilled from and is the main ingredient in the national cocktail, .[463]

A typical meal consists mostly of with , , and a .). Fried potatoes, fried cassava, fried banana, fried meat and fried cheese are very often eaten in lunch and served in most typical restaurants. (a fried pastry); (a variation of chicken croquete); (cheese bread and cassava flour / ); (corn and milk paste); (a variation of Lebanese pastry); (from Arabic cuisine); (pastry) and , little salt pies filled with shrimps or heart of palm.

Brazil has a variety of desserts such as (chocolate fudge balls), (roll cake with ), (a coconut sweet), (coconut truffles and clove) and romeu e julieta (cheese with goiabada). Peanuts are used to make , and . Local common fruits like , , , , , , , , , , , and are turned in and used to make , and .[466]

Cinema

The Brazilian film industry began in the late 19th century, during the early days of the . While there were national film productions during the early 20th century, American films such as Rio the Magnificent were made in to promote tourism in the city. (1931) and (1933), the latter being produced by through the prolific studio Cinédia, were poorly received at release and failed at the box office, but are acclaimed nowadays and placed among the finest Brazilian films of all time. was divided in four segments, two of which were filmed in Brazil and directed by ; it was originally produced as part of the United States' during Getúlio Vargas' Estado Novo government.

During the 1960s, the movement rose to prominence with directors such as , , and . Rocha's films (1964) and (1967) are considered to be some of the greatest and most influential in Brazilian film history.[469]