A typical bottle of indoor tanning lotion. Indoor tanning lotions accelerate the tanning process, by promoting the production of melanin.[] Increasing blood flow to the skin is a proposed mechanism, which may in turn stimulate production of melanin by melanocytes.[1] Indoor tanning lotions usually contain no sunscreen and offer no protection from the sun. Unlike sunless tanning lotions, these are designed for use with an ultraviolet source such as a tanning bed or booth. Some of the active ingredients found in common tanning lotions include melanin and L-Tyrosine. Other commonly found ingredients include tea oil, copper (in many different chemical compounds), green tea extract and many other natural oils. Indoor tanning lotions are usually designed to only use ingredients that will not cause damage or build up on acrylic surfaces. This is because all tanning beds use 100% acrylic in their protective shields. This is one reason people should not use outdoor tanning lotion in a tanning bed, as some common ingredients such as mineral oil (common ingredient in cosmetics, including some baby oil brands) will damage the surface of the acrylics.
Tingle is a standard description for indoor tanning lotions that contain ingredients that increase blood flow at the skin level, or cause a "tingling" sensation. Some lotions have a bronzing effect to them. There are three different types of bronzers; cosmetic, natural and DHA. DHA (dihydroxyacetone) is a higher level of bronzer that stays on the skin for about 4–5 days depending on how much you exfoliate. Natural bronzers that are made from plant extracts and stay on the skin for about 3–4 days. Cosmetic bronzers what stain the skin the most, they stay on the skin for about 1–3 days and can be easily washed off in the shower.[3] These bronzers work with the skin to provide a darker cosmetic color. They take approximately 4–6 hours to develop full color. Having a base tan before using a bronzer produces a more natural looking color. Natural bronzers use natural ingredients, such as caramel, riboflavin, etc. These ingredients provide a slight instant boost of color, but will wash off in the shower.
Higher quality natural bronzer lotions will have certain organic ingredients/natural or exotic extracts that aid in the process of tanning (melanin production/oxidization). One of the primary purposes for using indoor tanning lotions is to moisturize the skin. This is because tanning (indoors or out) can dehydrate the skin so additional moisturization is needed to compensate and leave the skin looking smooth and healthy. One of the most popular moisturizing elements in tanning lotions is hempseed oil, although other oils are also common. The primary moisturizing ingredients in tanning lotions are essentially the same as in regular hand lotions, although they tend to have less alcohol in them. Most indoor tanning lotions do not offer protection from the sun (have no SPF) and are not intended for outdoor use. ^ /articles/1998/07/without-tanning-ultraviolet-radiation.aspx Michael Caswell, Ph. D. - Looking Fit Magazine 7/1/1998 Archived April 2, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
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If heat rash is making life a living hell, read on for the experts' advice on what causes prickly heat, how to get rid of it and how to keep your cool I don't do well in hot weather. Recently in an impromptu outdoor meeting in the glorious sunshine, I returned to the office with tan lines (read: burn lines) that normally I'd struggle to achieve with a week in Ibiza. But while I scolded myself for not using SPF that morning, I secretly revelled in the fact that there was no sign of prickly heat on top of my lobster-shaded skin. The realisation helped ease the pain of the heat radiating from my arms (thank goodness for air con).Prickly heat, heat rash or 'sweat rash' as it might be known (not to be confused with polymorphic light eruption or PLE - see below) has plagued me, on and off, for as long as I can remember. Being sensitive, I'm always on the lookout for the beginnings of rashes or reactions, but there's none I dread more than the early signs of heat rash - those little red spots that start to appear on my wrists and the folds of my forearms, which I know within hours will be right up to my shoulders.
As a friend and fellow sufferer once said to me, "Once you look down and see it - you know that's it." It's spoiled many a holiday, or indeed many a sunny day that should be spent frolicking outdoors and soaking up the vitamin D (responsibly, of course; Itchy, sore and unsightly, it can make summer a living hell. But what causes it and is there any way to stop those spots from creeping up on us? I asked the experts to find out once and for all..."Prickly heat, heat rash or sweat rash are all names used for a condition called miliaria," explains Dr Stefanie Williams, Dermatologist and Medical Director of Eudelo. "It occurs when sweat ducts get obstructed, sweat leaks into the skin and the skin gets inflamed around that tiny leakage. A prickly rash appears with red, very itchy little bumps (papules)."The sweat ducts are blocked either by excessive sweating, or by an overgrowth of bacteria which normally lives on our skin, Cosmetic Dermatologist Dr Sam Bunting tells me. "[This] leads to a sticky byproduct blocking up the delicate sweat ducts, trapping sweat under the skin.
It's exacerbated if sweat is trapped and can't escape."MORE GLOSS: The best sun creams for sensitive skin"It is very common (up to 30% of people may develop this under certain conditions) and is most common in hot, humid climates," says Dr Williams. "Younger children are particularly at risk. Typical body areas are skin folds (or on the back if a patient is bed-bound). The risk of getting it can also be increased if you use quite heavy, occluding skincare.“However, sometimes when people speak about a sweat rash, they might possibly mean a fungal infection in skin-on-skin areas such as the groins or under the breasts. The medical term for this is Intertrigo and it’s a common fungal yeast infection that occurs between the folds of your skin as a result of humidity, friction and a lack of ventilation. It usually shows up as a red, itchy rash on in skin folds.”You don’t have to have a history of prickly heat to get it, either - it can happen at any time if you’re in the right (or should I say wrong) conditions.
It's worth noting, though, that many people think they're suffering with heat rash when in fact they are reacting to sun cream - it took me years to realise the extra-bad itchy rashes I was experiencing on holidays were from the bottles of sun cream I'd been slathering on all week and the fragrances, preservatives and chemical sun creams in them. So do check that this isn't the case first (see my guide to SPF for sensitive skin here).Rashes are characteristically hard to diagnose, and though less likely than heat rash it could be that you’re suffering with a sun allergy or polymorphic light eruption (PLE).Dr Williams explains: “They can look quite similar, but while heat rash occurs mostly in occluded skin areas prone to sweating, PLE occurs on skin that has been exposed to the sun recently (but traditionally might be covered with clothing, so isn’t ‘used’ to the sun).”So what causes it? “PLE is a common form of a reaction to UV light that often occurs in young women in spring and summer (or at the start of a sunny holiday).
The name ‘polymorphic’ refers to the fact that the rash can appear in many different shapes or forms, although in one person it usually looks the same every time it appears. The arms, the chest and lower legs/feet may be affected. The face is usually spared (as it tends to be more ‘hardened’ to sun light). The commonest form of PLE presents as crops of itchy, 2–5 mm pinkish ‘bumps’. In some people tiny blisters may occur. PLE persists for some days (or longer if the affected skin is exposed to more sunlight) before spontaneously resolving without scarring.”Unless you can get your skin used to the sun slowly and gradually throughout the seasons, it’s likely you’ll suffer from it every year. Treating PLE is a case of using steroid creams or oral steroids if it occurs, or preventing it using specialised UV machines to ‘harden up’ the skin and prep it for exposure. “Most importantly, stay out of the sun, once you have it (until it’s fully gone),” says Dr Williams.
“Antihistamines can help with the itch too.”The million dollar question. Given that the cause is the body's natural response to the heat, it's very difficult to manage which is no doubt why it causes so much stress to so many people. The key thing here is to keep your cool; easier said than done in heat waves such as we've experienced this week but essential to keep those little bumps at bay."Prevention includes, most importantly, to avoid sweating as much as possible. Even if you manage this for only a few hours per day (e.g. an air-conditioned office), this already helps," explains Dr Williams. "Also avoid over-dressing, occlusive clothes (wear breathable clothing e.g. light cotton) and friction/rubbing from clothes. Furthermore you should avoid any irritation of the skin (e.g. excessive soap etc.)"MORE GLOSS: The products you need on standby for skin reactionsIt's of course a little harder to avoid hotter climes on holiday but there are ways to keep your skin as sweat-free as possible.
"A dip in the pool or cool shower can stop sweating," explains Dr Bunting, "and avoid sticky skincare and sunscreens, which will have an occlusive effect on skin by trapping sweat." Check out our guide to preventing excessive sweating here, and my pick of the best sun creams for sensitive skin here - pick your formula carefully and you might just avoid it.Some readers have suggested (see the comments below) that using an anti-bacterial Dettol soap to wash with has helped them to keep the rashes away - but what’s the expert view on using such a harsh detergent on sensitive skin? I asked Dr Williams. “In this particular case, it might have worked, as the soap reduced the bacterial overgrowth on the skin, which in some cases can be involved in the genesis of prickly heat. Everybody is different, but it wouldn’t be a treatment I would recommend routinely.” Knowing my own sensitivities, I wouldn’t try it myself - but if your skin is otherwise robust aside from heat rash then it’s certainly worth a try.
So you’ve tried your best, but the rash has still appeared. Well if prevention is difficult, treatment is a pain when it comes to prickly heat - everyone has their own answers but ultimately, it’s hard to get rid of once the rash begins.Prepare yourself and you shouldn't have to suffer for too long. Here are my top five tips for curing it once you've got it.2. Take antihistamines up to two weeks before you go on holiday (check with your doctor first - your GP can also prescribe some) or as soon as you start to develop the rash3. Shop for over the counter sprays and remedies (but with minimal ingredients - this is definitely a case of less is more. Fragrance has no place here). Odaban, £8.99 is an antiperspirant spray that's perfume-free and based on aluminium salt to reduce excess sweating; Magicool Plus Prickly Heat, £8 is a topical spray that cools the skin and is even prescribed on the NHS for moderate to severe cases; the Hyalual Aqualual Melt Water spray, from £12 is cooling and super hydrating, with hyaluronic acid;
and lastly Eau Thermale Avene's Thermal Spring Water Spray, £10, is a great handbag essential for calming skin on the go.4. "[Leave] the area as open and ‘ventilated’ as possible," advises Dr Williams, and try "cold water compresses and calamine lotion plus a light emollient (as calamine on its own can dry the skin and irritate a little)." I love Care's Aqueous Calamine Cream, £1.69, which has fixed my heat rash every year I've had it - buy online or find in your local pharmacy.5. Bathe it if needed in cool water. "If it's very itchy, try a colloidal oatmeal bath (like the Aveeno one, £8.19, great for kids) and use a mild topical steroid for a few days," adds Dr Bunting.For more product tips for prickly heat, read my next column on my prickly heat product survival kit hereWhat are your tried and trusted ways of dealing with prickly heat? Let me know in the comments below and check out my other sensitive skin advice hereFollow us @GetTheGloss and Judy @Judy_Jay. Sign up to our newsletters for more advice here!