The role and importance of agriculture in the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Uzbekistan is conveniently located in Central Asia. A wide range of agricultural products, which have long been considered essential for mankind, are produced on its territory. Because the natural and climatic conditions in this region are sufficient. In particular, the annual effective temperature in the republic is 26-30 °, with more than 3600 hours of sunshine, which allows harvesting several times a year. The total land area of ​​Uzbekistan is 44.4 million hectares (2004), of which 50.8% is used by various agricultural enterprises, organizations and farms: the sum of which is the country's agriculture. Its main goal is to meet the needs of the country's population in consumer goods, and the processing industry - in raw materials produced in the industry. For this:

- Production of quality agricultural products that meet the needs of the population;

- To satisfy the need of agricultural enterprises in processed products.

Currently, the industry produces more than 95% of consumer goods. These include products of plant and animal origin. In 2004, 26.8% of the gross domestic product of the Republic of Uzbekistan was created in agriculture. This year, 17.1% of the country's GDP was created in all sectors, and 4.5% in construction. The figures show that the role of the agricultural sector in the country's economy is enormous. This year, all types of entrepreneurs engaged in agriculture have produced gross output worth 4732.0 billion soums. Mainly produces 3535.4 thousand tons of cotton, 6017.1 thousand tons of grain, 3315.9 thousand tons of vegetables, 846.3 thousand tons of fruits, 996.3 thousand tons of meat, 4280 thousand tons of milk, 674 , 8 thousand pieces of karaco leather, 1,860.3 billion eggs and other agricultural products.

About 31% of the labor force employed in the economy of the republic is involved in the production of all types of agricultural products.

But two thirds of the total population lives in the villages of the republic. All products were obtained from about 26 million hectares of agricultural land, of which 3695.7 thousand hectares are arable land.

The country's agriculture is based on irrigation and requires a lot of water. However, this demand is met only 40% of inland water resources. This requires the attraction of a large amount of water resources in the Amu Darya and Syr Darya basins. Currently, agriculture uses 42-46 billion meters of water resources. In nature, land and water resources are limited, they are non-renewable resources. Therefore, it is necessary to fully and effectively use each hectare throughout the year, introducing scientific and technological achievements through entrepreneurship.

For example in the field of Cotton, in order to popularize scientific results, scientists of the Institute published 13 monographs, 60 articles in foreign journals, including 14 in international publications based on Web of Science and Scopus, 114 articles in local journals, 46 articles in international journals. And 84 articles have been published at local conferences in 2020.

Scientists of the PSUYEAITI working group will monitor agrotechnical measures carried out on cotton and grain farms and agro-cluster farms in the Tashkent region on the basis of a contract for 3.0 billion soums, and will give appropriate scientific and practical recommendations.

An agreement for 100.0 million soums was concluded with the agricultural cluster POLYTEX SYRDARYA LLC, located in the Saykhunabad district of the Syrdarya region, for the use of intensive resource-saving agricultural technologies in cotton growing, practical recommendations were given.

20 projects for the commercialization of scientific developments (MMC, SHMK, development of standards, guidelines) worth 1076.4 million soums were implemented.

In order to export cotton seeds, between the Republican Seed Center, the Intellectual Property Agency and the Institute, the regional Sultan of Cotton (contract No. SNP 2020002) and Namangan-77 (contract No. SNP 2020003), tripartite licensing agreements were concluded and registered. Intellectual Property Agency under the Ministry of Justice.

In 2019-2020, the S-8290 cotton variety, created by scientists of the institute and its research and experimental stations, will be available in the Fergana region, the Bukhara-10 variety in the Bukhara region, the S-8294 variety in the Khorezm region and Gulistan. varieties in Syrdarya region, fine-staple cotton varieties Surkhan-14, Surkhan-16 and Surkhan-103 in Surkhandarya region. Cotton grade C-6560 in the Tashkent region, varieties SP-1303 and Mangit-1 in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, grade Pakhtakor-3 in the Jizzakh region, grade C-8295 in the Namangan region. According to him, the C-6570 variety is considered promising. in the Fergana region and the SP-38 variety in the Khorezm region.

Many agricultural machinery, chemicals, fuels, fuels, lubricants and other products produced by industrial enterprises are used in the cultivation of agricultural products. For example, in 2004 about 78.9 thousand tractors of various types, more than 22.7 thousand trucks, about 4.4 thousand grain harvesters, about 1 thousand cotton harvesters and many other equipment were used in the network. To increase soil fertility and productivity, 332.7 thousand tons of mineral fertilizers were introduced. The positions of Uzbekistan are growing as a result of the introduction of agricultural products to the world market. For the past five years, Uzbekistan has been the fifth largest producer of cotton fiber A and E in the world after China, the United States, India and Pakistan, as well as the second largest exporter. At the same time, Uzbekistan exports high-quality astrakhan fish, cocoons, vegetables, melons and fruits and vegetables to the world market. However, the potential of the republic in this area is not fully used. To solve this problem, it is necessary to process agricultural products grown in the industry and bring finished products to the world market. In recent years, a lot has been done to attract foreign investment. It is politically, economically and socially advisable to develop them at a rapid pace in the future. Currently, the level of agricultural production in the country is growing every year. In 2004, the population of the republic produced about 160 kg of flour products, 135 kg of raw cotton, 127 kg of vegetables, more than 34 kg of potatoes, 38 kg. meat, 164 kg of milk and about 72 eggs. This means that the need for flour and flour products in the country is being satisfied. Particular attention should be paid to improving its quality in the future. However, our people's need for other products that meet medical standards is not being fully met. This requires a more rapid development of agriculture in Uzbekistan. Some work has been done over the past decade. In particular, in the country's agriculture, measures are being developed and consistently implemented to build economic relations in accordance with the requirements of a free market economy, to ensure the gradual implementation of legal, organizational, economic and social reforms. For example, land is provided to citizens free of charge with the right of inheritance for life and is leased to farms for a period of 30 to 50 years. As a result of the property reform, the property class is steadily forming and developing in the countryside.
All cotton and other crops have been given the opportunity to grow and sell. The entrepreneurs were provided with various soft loans for the development of their production. However, the measures taken do not fully meet the growing demand. Therefore, it is necessary to liberalize and deepen all types of reforms in agriculture. This will ensure the rapid development of agriculture in the future, increase its importance and ensure the growth of the republic's economy.

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