Altai Republic

Altai Republic is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). Its capital is the town of Gorno-Altaysk. The area of the republic is 92,600 square kilometers (35,800 sq mi). There are 206,168 persons in the Altai Republic (2010 Census).

The Xiongnu Empire (209 BC-93 AD) governed the territory of the modern Altai Republic. The ethnicity of this empire is unclear; proposals by scholars include Turkic, Mongolic, Yeniseian, Tocharian, Iranian, and Uralic.
The southern part of the Altai Republic came under the Naiman Khanate. Territory of the modern Altai Republic has been ruled by the Mongolic Xianbei state (93-234), Rouran Khaganate (330-555), Mongol Empire (1206-1368), Golden Horde (1240-1502), Zunghar Khanate (1634-1758) and Qing Empire (1757-1864).
The Qing period is an semi-autonomous period with supervisor of two Altan Nuur Uriankhai Governor Banners and part of the seven Altai Uriankhai banners. During the Qing administration, the General of Siberia Fedor Ivanovich Soimonov launched a non-military expedition into the Altan Nuur region in 1760 and began fort building, which was subsequently removed by Heseri Jalafungga of Qing. Since 1820s, the routine border check was less frequent and Chuy drainage basin has been occupied by Russians.
Since the annexation of entire Altan Nuur Uriankhai into Russia in 1864-1867, the Altaians did no longer enjoy autonomy until June 1, 1922, with the creation of Oyrot Autonomous Oblast, part of Altai Krai. The original name for this region was Bazla. On January 7, 1948 it was renamed Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast. In 1991 it was reorganized into the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR). In 1992 it was renamed as the Altai Republic.

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