TOP On the Burning Edge: A Fateful Fire and the Men Who Fought It by Kyle Dickman price free francais android story

Book description

Book description
It’s that time of year, and appreciable portions of the west are ablaze. With fire season upon us, it seemed an appropriate time to revisit one of the worst wildland fire disasters in American history. On June 28, 2013, in northern Arizona, lightning ignited a devastating wildfire that burned more than 8,000 acres. Men and equipment moved in to do battle. Residents of a nearby town prepared to evacuate. The fire feasted on dry fuel in the drought-ridden area. The area hadn’t burned for 45 years, and it was highly flammable. The wind, as always, played its tricks. Two days later, 19 members of the Granite Mountain Hotshots – a team of wildland firefighters stationed out of Prescott, Arizona – were overrun by the fire while attempting to get to a safe zone. The hotshots deployed their fire shelters, but the aluminum, silica, and fiberglass devices were no match for the intense, 2,000 degree heat. All of them perished. (Like the servant of Job, one member of the team who had been acting as a lookout survived). This is more than a story of young men dying in fire. It is a mystery. Shortly before their deaths, the Granite Mountain Hotshots had been standing “in the black”. That is, they were at a place that had already burned. They were safe there. The spot could not burn again. If they simply remained where they stood while the fire flared and jumped and advanced at tremendous speed, they would be with us still. If they made any other decisions than the one that got made, they would still be with us. If they made no decision at all... Yet they left the black. The order to leave, likely made by superintendent Eric Marsh, is the animating feature of the Yarnell Fire disaster. It is a deadly riddle that calls out to be solved, or at least puzzled over. Probably the chief failure of Kyle Dickman’s On the Burning Edge is that it does not realize this. Marsh’s decision is only fleetingly scrutinized in this unfocused and frustrating book. At 265 pages of text, On the Burning Edge is pretty short. Almost two-thirds of its length is devoted to the lead-up to the fire. Dickman pays special attention to the formation of the Granite Mountain crew under Marsh. He takes you through the training and certification required of a hotshot crew. Hotshots – not to be confused with smokejumpers, who can parachute into action – are often referred to as “elite” units. However, as Dickman points out, qualifications are pretty basic, and abilities vary from crew to crew. Granite Mountain comes across as a physically fit and able group, with a controversial leader who one person described as a “bad-decisions, good-outcome guy”. With a sometimes plodding thoroughness, Dickman provides accounts of the various fires that Granite Mountain fought in the 2013 season. In presenting the Granite Mountain team, Dickman chooses to hone in on only a few individuals. These chosen subjects get the lion’s share of the space, to the detriment of all the rest. One of the men Dickman follows isn’t even at the fateful Yarnell Fire; despite this, we get several in-depth scenes with him and his family. I am loathe to use the word “filler” in describing any book’s contents. It’s an imprecise term often overused by readers with short attention spans. In this case, I think it’s warranted. There is a lot of unnecessary padding at the start, and far too little actual substance at the end. I am not ignorant of the journalistic process. I understand that in order to write something like this, you need sources. An author is naturally going to write more about the people who gave him or her access. Unfortunately, the result is an unbalanced narrative. The girlfriends of some of the hotshots (who I assume were willing to speak with Dickman) are given far more depth than most of the crew. In fact, some of the guys who died with Granite Mountain are only introduced at the fatal fire. This just doesn’t make any sense, narrative or otherwise. Even the men Dickman writes about eludes us. He mistakes factoids with characterizations. We learn that one guy liked the movie Tommy Boy and another liked guns; what we don’t learn is what that contributes to who these men were. Scattered throughout Granite Mountain’s story are interesting nuggets about the history of wildland firefighting. Gifford Pinchot and the Big Burn. Natural fire cycles verses fire suppression. This is important context, but Dickman never molds it into a position. There is no discussion about the wildland-urban interface, and how the encroachment of developers requires a massive subsidy that is sometimes paid in lives. In the movie Backdraft, an arson investigator played by Robert De Niro explains to one of the Baldwin brothers that fire has a mind of its own. That’s not true. Fire is constrained by its own physics. Experienced wildland firefighters, aided by up-to-the-minute weather reports, can look at a fire and see the dangers before they unfold. How a fire runs faster uphill than down. How a fire will react to different types of fuel. How a shift in the wind can block an escape route. There is an inherent risk to fighting fires because fire is involved, and fire burns. But in terms of probability, firefighting is actually safer than more mundane occupations, such as garbage collection. This is due to our understanding of fire science. When firefighters die in wildland blazes, it is typically due to human error. We see this time and again in lethal fires, whether it’s Mann Gulch in 1949 (covered by Norman Maclean in Young Men and Fire) or the South Canyon Fire of 1994 (covered by Norman Maclean’s son John, in Fire on the Mountain). Dickman recognizes this when he discusses the 1990 Dude Fire that killed six firefighters in Walk Moore Canyon. (The firefighters, apropos of nothing, were part of a convict crew). Humans are fallible, even those who are well trained. Under the duress of a seething, mushrooming inferno that is powerful enough to create its own weather system, poor decisions get made.Despite this recognition, Dickman does not engage in any rigorous analysis of the fire scene. I’m not sure where this hesitation comes from. I sort of assume he refrained from any critique or judgment out of deference to the fallen. If so, he probably shouldn’t have undertaken this project to begin with. I expected more from Dickman, who is a wildland firefighter himself. It surprises me that there isn’t a section in the book where he puts on a rucksack and goes to Yarnell to observe things with his own eyes. To walk in the footsteps of the doomed to see what they saw. To know the terrain. To understand their exertions as they tried to escape. This might have given him a crucial insight. A professional wildland firefighter tends to view ground with different eyes than you or me. A firefighter looks at a ridge and is unconsciously estimating how fast a fire might run along its spine. I look at the same ridge and get distracted by two bunnies humping. There is a lot of material out there on Yarnell. There have been a couple of official investigations and at least one prominent independent one. There are also some good magazine articles about the disaster. Heck, Dickman wrote one of them for Outside magazine. (I recommend No Exit by Sean Flynn, written for Esquire). In terms of what else is out there on the topic, On the Burning Edge falls short. In the wake of disaster, we are always trying to draw lessons. Most of the time, such attempts are futile. Not so with fires. The U.S. Forest Service, like the military, conducts staff rides at fatal fires in order to determine when, where, and how decision-making breaks down. This knowledge can be integrated into training and procedures so that the same mistakes don’t get repeated. The question of why Marsh left the black is imperative to an understanding of the Yarnell Fire. Dickman treats it as an afterthought.
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