Нитроэтан — Википедия

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Нитроэтан — Википедия

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Nitroethane is an organic compound having the chemical formula C 2 H 5 NO 2. Similar in many regards to nitromethane , nitroethane is an oily liquid at standard temperature and pressure. Pure nitroethane is colorless and has a fruity odor. This exothermic reaction produces four industrially significant nitroalkanes: nitromethane , nitroethane, 1-nitropropane , and 2-nitropropane. These alkoxy radicals are susceptible to C—C fragmentation reactions, which explains the formation of a mixture of products. Alternatively, nitroethane can be produced by the Victor Meyer reaction of haloethanes such as chloroethane , bromoethane , or iodoethane with silver nitrite in diethyl ether or THF. The Kornblum modification of this reaction uses sodium nitrite in either a dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethylformamide solvent. Via condensations like the Henry reaction , nitroethane converts to several compounds of commercial interest. Condensation with 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde affords the precursor to the antihypertensive drug methyldopa ; condensation with unsubstituted benzaldehyde yields phenylnitropropene. Nitroethane condenses with two equivalents of formaldehyde to give, after hydrogenation , 2-aminomethyl-1,3-propanediol, which in turn condenses with oleic acid to give an oxazoline, which protonates to give a cationic surfactant. Like some other nitrated organic compounds, nitroethane is also used as a fuel additive and a precursor to Rocket propellants. Nitroethane is a useful solvent for polymers such as polystyrene and is particularly useful for dissolving cyanoacrylate adhesives. In cosmetics applications, it has been used as a component in artificial nail remover and in overhead ceiling sealant sprays. Nitroethane was previously used successfully as a chemical feedstock precursor ingredients in laboratories for the synthesis of multitudes of substances and consumer goods, for e. Nitroethane is suspected to cause genetic damage and be harmful to the nervous system. Typical STEL is ppm. Skin contact causes dermatitis in humans. In animal studies, nitroethane exposure was observed to cause lacrimation , dyspnea , pulmonary rales, edema , liver and kidney injury, and narcosis. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. CAS Number. Interactive image. PubChem CID. Chemical formula. Solubility in water. GHS hazard statements. GHS precautionary statements. LC 50 median concentration. LC Lo lowest published. PEL Permissible. REL Recommended. IDLH Immediate danger. Related nitro compounds. University of Wisconsin Chemistry Department. Retrieved 17 January Establishment of an absolute scale of acidities in dimethyl sulfoxide solution'. Journal of the American Chemical Society. Organic Chemistry of Explosives. Drug Administration. November Authority control GND : Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. In other projects Wikimedia Commons. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Acidity p K a. Main hazards. MSDS at fishersci. GHS Signal word. Explosive limits. Lethal dose or concentration LD, LC :. Ethyl nitrite Ethyl nitrate. GND :