Limiting Reagent Calculator
Limiting Reagent CalculatorLimiting Reagent Calculator
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The limiting reagent or limiting reactant , LR in a chemical reaction is the substance that is totally consumed when the chemical reaction is complete. The amount of product formed is limited by this reagent, since the reaction cannot continue without it. If one or more other reagents are present in excess of the quantities required to react with the limiting reagent, they are described as excess reagents or excess reactants xs. The limiting reagent must be identified in order to calculate the percentage yield of a reaction, since the theoretical yield is defined as the amount of product obtained when the limiting reagent reacts completely. Given the balanced chemical equation , which describes the reaction, there are several equivalent ways to identify the limiting reagent and evaluate the excess quantities of other reagents. This method is most useful when there are only two reactants. One reactant A is chosen, and the balanced chemical equation is used to determine the amount of the other reactant B necessary to react with A. If the amount of B actually present exceeds the amount required, then B is in excess and A is the limiting reagent. If the amount of B present is less than required, then B is the limiting reagent. Consider the combustion of benzene , represented by the following chemical equation:. This means that 15 moles of molecular oxygen O 2 is required to react with 2 moles of benzene C 6 H 6. The amount of oxygen required for other quantities of benzene can be calculated using cross-multiplication the rule of three. For example, if 1. Benzene is then the limiting reagent. This conclusion can be verified by comparing the mole ratio of O 2 and C 6 H 6 required by the balanced equation with the mole ratio actually present:. Since the actual ratio is larger than required, O 2 is the reagent in excess, which confirms that benzene is the limiting reagent. In this method the chemical equation is used to calculate the amount of one product which can be formed from each reactant in the amount present. The limiting reactant is the one which can form the smallest amount of the product considered. This method can be extended to any number of reactants more easily than the first method. Since the reactant amounts are given in grams, they must be first converted into moles for comparison with the chemical equation, in order to determine how many moles of Fe can be produced from either reactant. There is enough Al to produce 0. This means that the amount of Fe actually produced is limited by the Fe 2 O 3 present, which is therefore the limiting reagent. It can be seen from the example above that the amount of product Fe formed from each reagent X Fe 2 O 3 or Al is proportional to the quantity. This suggests a shortcut which works for any number of reagents. Just calculate this formula for each reagent, and the reagent that has the lowest value of this formula is the limiting reagent. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. June Learn how and when to remove this template message. Retrieved from ' https: Articles needing additional references from June All articles needing additional references. Views Read Edit View history. This page was last edited on 21 November , at By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.