HOT Why Geese Dont Get Obese (And We Do): How Evolutions Strategies for Survival Affect Our Everyday Lives by Eric P. Widmaier online link flibusta without signing txt
HOT Why Geese Dont Get Obese (And We Do): How Evolutions Strategies for Survival Affect Our Everyday Lives by Eric P. Widmaier onlineBook description
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This book is an excellent introduction to physiology for novices of the subject. Assuming no prior knowledge, but without a hint of condescension, Widmaier explains the basics of how animals work.The book is split into chapters, each focusing on a particular problem that animals face and describing the solutions that different species have come to. For example, in the chapter Oxygen - the breath of life, the issue examined is how animals in extreme environments can ensure that they have enough oxygen to function. Here, the Weddell seal is used to demonstrate the adaptations that have evolved in response to prolonged diving sessions in which the seal does not breathe for over an hour at a time. At the other end of the spectrum is the Bar-headed goose, which flies over the Himalayan mountain range during its yearly migration. At this altitude the air pressure is lower, and consequently the goose has evolved some physiological tricks in order to get enough oxygen to power its annual pilgrimage. The other chapters of the book follow in the same vein, posing physiological questions such as how animals get enough water or how they keep cool, and using anecdotes from animal life at the extremes to illustrate the answers. An aspect of the book I particularly enjoyed was the way Widmaier has slotted historical references within the science discussed. His passion for the field of physiology comes across beautifully in these passages, adding vibrancy to the book and giving a great background for the more modern experiments which are based on these historical findings, such as William Haveys discoveries in the mammalian circulatory system and Joseph Priestleys discovery of good air (oxygen to you and me). The bulk of these historical asides are found in the footnotes of the book, allowing readers uninterested in this area to easily skip over them.Whilst I enjoyed this book overall, and would have liked to have rated it 4 stars, I have had to award it 3 stars due to my dislike of many of Widmaiers forays into discussing evolution. The use of the terms primitive and lower vertebrates particularly irked me, as these words do not really make evolutionary sense: all species on earth today are descended from one common ancestor, and as such have been evolving for as long as each other - all species are as primitive as each other. Other statements were simply incorrect: hominids did not evolve to lose their fur because they began to wear clothes, as Widmaier asserts. Rather, a shift from forest living to dwelling in the African plains was likely the catalyst for the loss of fur in order to keep cool under the relentless sun - clothes came later. Another incorrect statement is made saying that giraffes evolved long necks due to selective pressures to reach the higher leaves on trees. Most evolutionary biologists are in agreement that the remarkably tall necks actually evolved as a result of sexual selection: male giraffes partake in a behavior called neck fencing, whereby they repeatedly smash heads and necks together in order to determine who is the stronger, and therefore sexually dominant, male. The longer, thicker and stronger the neck, the more successful the male giraffe would be, allowing it to mate with more females and pass on more genes than male giraffes with shorter necks.In summary, this book gives a wonderful grounding in basic physiological concepts in a language which can be understood by those with no prior experience of the subject. I would recommend it to anybody interested in how animals work, and how they can withstand life at the extremes. Just remember to take the texts evolutionary wanderings with a pinch of salt.
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