Eye

1. ^ There is no universal consensus on the precise total number of phyla Animalia; the stated figure varies slightly from author to author.
   

Citations

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21. ^ Ritchie, Alexander (1985). "Ainiktozoon loganense Scourfield, a protochordate from the Silurian of Scotland". Alcheringa. 9 (2): 137. doi:10.1080/03115518508618961.
    


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23. ^ Meyer-Rochow, VB; Gal, J (2004). "Dimensional limits for arthropod eyes with superposition optics". Vision Research. 44 (19): 2213–2223. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2004.04.009. PMID 15208008.
    


24. ^ Greiner, Birgit (16 December 2005). Adaptations for nocturnal vision in insect apposition eyes (PDF) (PhD). Lund University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
    


25. ^ Horváth, Gábor; Clarkson, Euan N.K. (1997). "Survey of modern counterparts of schizochroal trilobite eyes: Structural and functional similarities and differences". Historical Biology. 12 (3–4): 229–263. doi:10.1080/08912969709386565.
    


26. ^ a b Jochen Zeil; Maha M. Al-Mutairi (1996). "Variations in the optical properties of the compound eyes of Uca lactea annulipes" (PDF). The Journal of Experimental Biology. 199 (7): 1569–1577. PMID 9319471.
    


27. ^ Müller, CHG; Rosenberg, J; Richter, S; Meyer-Rochow, VB (2003). "The compound eye of Scutigera coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Chilopoda; Notostigmophora): an ultrastructural re-investigation that adds support to the Mandibulata concept". Zoomorphology. 122 (4): 191–209. doi:10.1007/s00435-003-0085-0. S2CID 6466405.
    


28. ^ Ullrich-Luter, E.M.; Dupont, S.; Arboleda, E.; Hausen, H.; Arnone, M.I. (2011). "Unique system of photoreceptors in sea urchin tube feet". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (20): 8367–8372. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.8367U. doi:10.1073/pnas.1018495108. PMC 3100952. PMID 21536888.
    


29. ^ Ali & Klyne 1985, p. 8
    


30. ^ Autrum, H (1979). "Introduction". In H. Autrum (ed.). Comparative Physiology and Evolution of Vision in Invertebrates- A: Invertebrate Photoreceptors. Handbook of Sensory Physiology. VII/6A. New York: Springer-Verlag. pp. 4, 8–9. ISBN 978-3-540-08837-0.
    


31. ^ Halder, G.; Callaerts, P.; Gehring, W.J. (1995). "New perspectives on eye evolution". Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 5 (5): 602–609. doi:10.1016/0959-437X(95)80029-8. PMID 8664548.
    


32. ^ Halder, G.; Callaerts, P.; Gehring, W.J. (1995). "Induction of ectopic eyes by targeted expression of the eyeless gene in Drosophila". Science. 267 (5205): 1788–1792. Bibcode:1995Sci...267.1788H. doi:10.1126/science.7892602. PMID 7892602.
    


33. ^ Tomarev, S.I.; Callaerts, P.; Kos, L.; Zinovieva, R.; Halder, G.; Gehring, W.; Piatigorsky, J. (1997). "Squid Pax-6 and eye development". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94 (6): 2421–2426. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.2421T. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.6.2421. PMC 20103. PMID 9122210.
    


34. ^ Conway-Morris, S. (1998). The Crucible of Creation. Oxford: Oxford University Press
    


35. ^ a b Trevor D. Lamb; Shaun P. Collin; Edward N. Pugh Jr. (2007). "Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 8 (12): 960–976. doi:10.1038/nrn2283. PMC 3143066. PMID 18026166.
    


36. ^ Staaislav I. Tomarev; Rina D. Zinovieva (1988). "Squid major lens polypeptides are homologous to glutathione S-transferases subunits". Nature. 336 (6194): 86–88. Bibcode:1988Natur.336...86T. doi:10.1038/336086a0. PMID 3185725. S2CID 4319229.
    


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38. ^ a b Fernald, Russell D. (2001). The Evolution of Eyes: Where Do Lenses Come From? Archived 2006-03-19 at the Wayback Machine Karger Gazette 64: "The Eye in Focus".
    


39. ^ a b c d e f Land, M.F. (1989). "The eyes of hyperiid amphipods: relations of optical structure to depth". Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 164 (6): 751–762. doi:10.1007/BF00616747. S2CID 23819801.
    


40. ^ Meyer-Rochow, Victor Benno (1982). "The divided eye of the isopod Glyptonotus antarcticus: effects of unilateral dark adaptation and temperature elevation". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. B 215 (1201): 433–450. Bibcode:1982RSPSB.215..433M. doi:10.1098/rspb.1982.0052. S2CID 85297324.
    


41. ^ Ali & Klyne 1985, p. 28
    


42. ^ Russ, John C. (2006). The Image Processing Handbook. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-7254-4. OCLC 156223054. The upper limit (finest detail) visible with the human eye is about 50 cycles per degree,... (Fifth Edition, 2007, Page 94)
    


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45. ^ Fischer, Robert E.; Tadic-Galeb, Biljana; Plympton, Rick (2000). Steve Chapman (ed.). Optical System Design. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0-07-134916-1. OCLC 247851267.
    


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47. ^ Ali & Klyne 1985, p. 161
    


48. ^ Barlow, Horace Basil; Mollon, J.D. (1982). The Senses. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-521-24474-9.
    


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50. ^ a b c d e Goldsmith, T.H. (1990). "Optimization, Constraint, and History in the Evolution of Eyes". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 65 (3): 281–322. doi:10.1086/416840. JSTOR 2832368. PMID 2146698.
    


51. ^ a b c d e f Nilsson, E.; Arendt, D. (Dec 2008). "Eye Evolution: the Blurry Beginning". Current Biology. 18 (23): R1096–R1098. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.025. PMID 19081043. S2CID 11554469.
    

Bibliography