Erythroxylum Coca Seeds

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Erythroxylum coca is a bush or a tree, if left to grow wild , with elliptical leaves that are arranged spirally. The bark of younger plants is reddish, and scaly leaves appear at the base of young branches. The flowers are tiny and grow from the axes of the leaves. The small oval fruits start out yellow, and turn a bright red when they ripen. Coca bushes that grow in the Amazon are often totally covered in lichens Ratsch , The coca bush is often confused with other species of the genus Erythroxylum, as most members of the genus have a similar appearance. The easiest way to identify a coca plant is to chew the dried leaves with an alkaline substance, such as baking soda. If the mouth becomes numb, the plant is one of the two species that contain cocaine, E. Because there are so many local varieties of the coca plant, mistakes in identification are common Plowman et al. The coca bush is originally from the mountains of Peru and Bolivia, and is found between altitudes of and meters. Coca bushes are now cultivated in many parts of the world, including in Sri Lanka Portratz cited in Ratsch , In the Andes, the plant is propagated mainly from seeds, but coca seeds become infertile when they dry, so planting must be done quickly after seeds are harvested. The seeds are pressed into shaded soil for germination and transplanted when they are about the size of an adult hand. In South America, this is generally done during the rainy season Plowman et al. They do not appreciate chalky soil Buhler and Buess , It takes about eighteen months from the time of planting before the first leaves can be harvested. A coca bush will produce for twenty to thirty years, and leaves may be harvested every fifty to sixty days during the rainy season and every three or four months during the dry season. The plant is not damaged by having almost all of its leaves removed. If the leaves are not harvested, the bush will turn in to a tree, the leaves of which have little to no psychoactive effect. The younger leaves generally contain higher amounts of psychoactive alkaloids Ratsch , The coca bush originated in the rain forests of the Andes, and has been cultivated in South American for many purposes for thousands of years. The earliest evidence of coca leaf chewing comes from about B. Many pre-Colombian graves in the lowlands of Peru have been found to contain the remains of coca leaves, lime, and artifacts used for coca consumption. However, such remnants are rarely found in the Andean highlands, mostly due to clumsy excavation methods. Hair from numerous mummies in northern Chile has been tested for cocaine and its significant metabolites, and almost all of the mummies were found to contain trace quantities. The oldest of these mummies was carbon dated to about four thousand years ago Cartmell et al. Coca was very important in many pre-Columbian cultures as a item of trade, medicine, aphrodisiac, and ritual inebriant. Indeed, the civilizations of the Andes were so strongly influenced by the use of coca that it is hard to imagine them without it. Coca leaves are used as offerings and for divination, as well as in healing, initiations, and festivals. Grave excavations reveal that coca was provided to the dead for their journey to the underworld. One could only approach the gods with a quid of coca in the mouth Buhler and Buess The plant was said to create a link between humans and the divine and between individual humans as well. It was therefore used both for sacred purposes and as an aphrodisiac. Coca leaves are used as a method of social exchange in the Andes. When people come together they often exchange and chew coca leaves as a way of beginning a social interaction. Before the leaves are eaten, three are placed together in a fan shape and held in front of the third eye. Coca leaves are also used as ritual offerings on altars and mountain paths, and as offerings to the Mother Goddess, Pachamama. Healers often use coca leaves as a form of ransom to retrieve parts of the souls of ill people from various deities. This manifests as physical illness. The offering of coca is said to cause the deities to return the parts of the soul that have been lost, healing body and spirit Hoffmann cited in Ratsch , Certain diviners throw and read coca leaves as a form of oracle for people suffering from sickness and other problems. A long period of training is necessary to become such a diviner, and the ritual must be done very precisely. Sometimes other objects, such as grains infected with Claviceps purpurea ergot may also be thrown and read with the coca leaves. The Tukano Indians believe that the first coca plant grew from the finger joint of the daughter of the lord of animals. They say that the Banisteriopsis caapi vine grew from the finger of another of his daughters, and so ayahuasca and coca are said to be siblings. Every adult Tukano male will spend about three hours a day preparing coca powder, as it is consumed by tribesmen all day long. This lets them be productive and suppresses hunger. The Spanish had a hard time understanding the native use of coca when they arrived in South America, and quickly banned its use between and AD, saying that the plant was dangerous and damaging and had no positive uses. The Inquisition saw coca use and worship as a sign of witchcraft, and tried to suppress it, but the Indians saw the coca bush as very sacred, not to mention that its regular use made thriving in the oxygen-poor high mountain regions much more bearable. Therefore, the indigenous peoples generally disregarded the new Spanish laws and continued using coca as normal. As of today, coca use has been legalized in Peru and Bolivia and is associated with Indian identity and indigenous culture Lobb The coca plant was first brought to Europe between and , and the main constituent, cocaine, was first isolated by the German chemist Albert Niemann in By the end of the nineteenth century, cigars and cigarettes made of coca leaves were being smoked in England and the east coast of America. In , the chemist Angelo Mariana created a coca extract in sweet wine which he called Vin Mariani. This seems to have created a profound understand of the goddess energy in many of these men — as Octave Mirbeau wrote:. She is, in herself alone, all nature! Being the matrix of life, she is by that very fact the matrix of death — since it is from death that life is perpetually reborn, and since to annihilate death would be to kill life at its only fertile source. It is, however, important to keep in mind that when cocaine and alcohol come together in the body they create a substance known as cocaethylene, which effects dopamine receptors in the same way as cocaine, but has a much longer half life, meaning that this combination may be deadly in excess. Coca-cola was, in fact, developed as a competition to Vin Mariani, and initially contained cocaine from E. Now, however, Coca-Cola only contains the leaf residue from coca leaves that have already had their cocaine content extracted for medical purposes Voogelbreinder , Coca leaves are legal to buy, sell, and use in Peru, Bolivia, and parts of Argentina, and use is tolerated in many other parts of South America. The governments of Peru and Bolivia have been attempting to have coca leaves legalized world wide so that they may be exported, making a firm distinction between beneficial coca and dangerous cocaine. This would have great benefits for the economies of both countries. However, at this time, coca leaves are illegal in the United States and are considered trafficable substances in many other countries, as they contain the cocaine alkaloid Voogelbreinder Coca is nominally illegal in Columbia, but many people still grow the plants in their garden and use the leaves as a medicine and tonic. The politics of the cocaine trade have had serious effects on the well being of indigenous peoples in Columbia who cultivate the plant for traditional purposes. Indiscriminate aerial spraying of toxic chemicals have had serious effects both on growers and those who are simply unfortunate enough to live near a plantation. The chewed leaf is nowhere near as toxic as extracted cocaine and, indeed, has many health benefits, but it is treated with equal disdain by the U. Anyone choosing to purchase illicit cocaine should be aware that they are supporting an underground industry that ruins the lives of many poor peasants who have been left with no choice but to grow coca, and which destroys the environment for the benefit of a few corrupt individuals Voogelbreinder , Otherwise, they do not produce the intended effects. Fresh leaves may be lightly roasted or made into tea. The fresh leaves should be dried using a method that allows them to remain green and supple — either in the sun or using artificial means, such as an oven or a dehydrator. If the leaves are dried artificially, temperatures should not exceed F 40C , or the cocaine content may be degraded. The flavor of the dried leaves of the Huanuco variety is very similar to that of Chinese green tea. The leaves of Amazonian coca, however, are somewhat more bitter Schroder cited in Ratsch , Coca leaves may be consumed through chewing, smoking, or as an extract. The most common method is chewing and sucking on the leaves. In the Andes, people chew coca leaves together with tobacco Nicotiana tabacum leaves, a practice which seems to have mostly disappeared at this time. The naturalist Johann Jacob von Tschudi describes the chewing of coca leaves as follows:. In order for cocaine to be released, the leaves must be mixed with an alkaline substance. Then the alkaloids may be absorbed through the mucous membranes of the mouth. In South America, plant ash or burned lime is used for this. In the Andes, coca is often chewed with the scrapings from round cakes of ash known as Llipta. Llipta are made by taking pieces of various plants and roasting them in a pot over a fire until they break down in to ash. This ash is then mixed with lemon juice, boiling water, maize beer chicha , sugarcane liquor, sweet tea Camelia sinensis or Ilex paraguariensis , salt water, or even urine, and a carrier such as potato flour or another starch. This mixture is formed into cakes, pyramids, or other shapes, and allowed to dry. Pieces of this may be added to coca quids as an alkaline base Buler and Buess Other substances are also often added to coca quids to alter their psychoactive and medicinal effects. In Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile, coca quids are often chewed with the ashes of the flowers and fruits of Trichocereus pasacana, a cactus that is often confused with Trichocereus pachanoi. The leaves of Tagetes pusilla are also used to add an aromatic flavor. In the Amazon, preparation of coca leaves is very different. The leaves are picked fresh and roasted immediately. The roasted leaves are then pounded in large mortars, and the leaves of other plants are turned in to ash. The two resulting powders are mixed in equal amounts. Each person takes a spoonful and pushes it between the cheek and the teeth. This mixture dissolves over a period of thirty minutes or so, and is then swallowed Ratsch , A variety of Amazonian plants are also sometimes added to the blend to alter its effects or flavor. They roast the leaves and mix them with the ashes of fresh green banana leaves, crushing everything as part of a ritual. They then mix this powder with cassava flour and make it into a bread. This bread is prepared fresh each evening and eaten as food Prance Coca leaves can be combined with essentially any psychoactive substance, and will sometimes potentiate the psychoactive effects of other plants, such as Anadenanthera colubrina. Coca leaves may also be added to incense and smoking blends to create a stimulating effect, and are especially well suited to smoking blends containing Cannabis sativa. Even as little as 0. It is said that it is best to avoid drinking very hot liquids when chewing E. This can easily lead to scalding. Regular coca leaf chewing can lead to inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth Schultes , A good medicinal dose for a E. A great deal more is taken when coca is chewed, with an average use of 60 g of dried leaf per day by regular users. Coca leaves are often prepared in tea bags and combined with other herbs to produce coca teas. In Peru, many combinations are available, including Matricaria recutita chamomile , Tagetes pusilla, mint, cinnamon, and so forth Voogelbreinder Coca leaves have been a very important medicine in South America for some time, though little is known of their pre-Hispanic uses. It is used to treat all sorts of pain, rheumatism, colds, flu, constipation, digestive troubles, colic, upset stomachs, altitude sickness, exhaustion, weakness, and to assist in labor. The leaves may also be burned or smoked to assist with bronchitis, asthma, and coughs — this practice even traveled to England, where the leaves were known as Peruvian tobacco Ratsch , Coca tea is used to assist in the healing of diabetes and to suppress the appetite of overweight individuals. Many soccer, football, and baseball players will utilize pure cocaine to give them energy for playing sports. This practice has its roots in the chewing of coca leaves by runners who carried messages, contained in knotted pieces of string, for the Incan emperors. Coca leaves are no longer used in European medicine, although one can still find a homeopathic version of the plant essence Ratsch , Coca leaves contain between 0. The fresh leaves also contain an essential oil, flavonoids, tanning agents, vitamins A, B, and C, and tons of minerals, especially calcium and iron. The Andean Indians say that when coca is chewed with respect it will soak up sadness and pain and will protect the chewer as a mother would. Appropriate consumption of the plant regulates blood sugar levels — it lowers a blood sugar level that is too high and raises a blood sugar level that is too low — so, coca leaves keep blood sugar concentrations at a place where the body needs it. The leaves also counteract the stress of being in high altitude, and improve oxygen absorption in thin mountain air Burchard Coca leaves are stimulating and animating, and can act as an appetite suppressant, aphrodisiac, and euphoriant. When mixed with Trichocereus spp. Cocaine itself remains in the bloodstream for between one and two hours. When coca leaves are chewed as a quid, it takes a few minutes for the cocaine to spread through the mouth. At this time, the mucous membranes become numb — one can tell how high quality particular coca leaves are depending on how quickly this happens. The stimulating effects of the leaves can be felt minutes after chewing begins. The effect will increase and then persist for about 45 minutes to an hour, then quickly lessen Ratsch , The effects of coca leaves and baking soda or another alkalizing agent on the mucous membranes of the mouth can be very destructive, and long term users often develop a leathery surface inside of the mouth. Certain additives are sometimes used to counteract these effects Ratsch , The use of extracted illicit cocaine causes euphoria, local anesthesia, and central nervous system excitation. This is followed by depression. If the drug is readily available, it is very habit-forming for many people, often leading to serious patterns of abuse. Long term use of illicit cocaine extracts may lead to psychotic behavior and hallucinations. Visual hallucinations can include fleeting changes in perception and can extend to realistic hallucination. Tactile hallucinations may include the sensation of bugs crawling over the skin, known as cocaine bugs. Auditory hallucinations may including hearing voices and whispering. Furthermore, each time street cocaine is sold down the supply chain it is cut with adulterants, ranging from harmless white powders like lactose to dangerous substances such as heroin Voogelbreinder It is important to remember that E. Amazionian tribe suddenly leaves jungle home. Use of Psychoactive Plants among the Hupda-Maku. America destroying Coca Cultures. Narcotics Control Board destroying Coca Cultures. The Coca Leaf and Cocaine Papers. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, The Hague and Paris: Radioimmunoassay of a Cocaine Metabolite in Human-mummy Hair. Ethnopharmacology and its Applications. Park Street Press, Voogelbreinder, Snu, Garden of Eden: I just spent two weeks in the beautiful Andes of Peru. Chewed the coca leaves to help adjust to the altitude and the began drinking the tea day and night. Back home in Florida and do not want Coffee any more, gives me loose bowels. I want my Coca tea again. Leaves, seeds , plants, and all. I did not get high, just like it better than coffee. Your email address will not be published. Do you feel a greater love for life because of your experience with entheogens? Even the Pope loves Coca! The original Coca-Cola Recipe. Terry Mick on October 8, at 9: Besides orangeade, and coca-cola, preferred by the women,… Healing and Regenerative Effects of Ayahuasca Entheology. These are often added to betel chew, pituri, tobacco, epena snuff, coca, etc. News reports say that the riots have been… Acorus calamus - Sweet Flag Entheology. As a stimulant, calamus is used similarly to the way coca leaves are used by the South American… Mitragyna speciosa - Kratom Entheology. They are also sedating in… Cola acuminata, nitida - Cola Tree Entheology. Submit a Comment Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Polls Do you feel a greater love for life because of your experience with entheogens? Tags aphrodisiacs ayahuasca curanderos dreaming herbs entheogens facts on drugs kava and cannabis kava effects kava kava kratom kratom legal status mitragyna speciosa psychedelic research psychedelic spirituality psychoactive incense psychoactive plants salvia divinorum sedatives Shamanism shamans stimulants teacher plants.

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Erythroxylum Coca Seeds