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John Peter Pham unravels the tragic story of a collapsed state in the midst of constant warfare in one of the worst regions in the world. His main argument is that the very foundation of Liberia contained in itself the seeds of self-destruction. Liberia was established in 1847 by freed slaves from America and the American colonization society in an attempt to rid our own country of a useless and pernicious, if not a dangerous portion of its population to spread the arts of civilized life to a benighted portion of the globe. Unexpectedly (at least for me) these half-civilized settlers colonized the indigenous population and created an apartheid and exploitative country dominated by an Americo Liberian oligarchy for more than a century. In 1980, an indigenous general called Samuel Doe overthrew the government just to reinforce an even more ruthless and repressive regime. Interestingly, he received $500 million (!?) from the US gov simply to frustrate the Libyan dictator Quadafi, who was aspiring to spread radical Islamism in Western Africa. Various rebel groups rose up against Doe, and Charles Taylor, who cleverly exploited the ethnic animosity and illegal timber and diamond trade to earn $75m annually, eventually gained the upper hand and won the election in 1997 after 7 years of bloody civil war. But the crisis only got worse and he was forced into exile in 2003. This is a very very sad tragedy of an impoverished country with a plethora of blood-thirsty villains and almost no hero. All the war factions seemed to fight for no noble cause, some attempted to prolong the war to benefit from the uncontrollable black market. ECOMOG, the Western African peacekeeping force, were equally evil, also taking part in raping, looting and illegal trade. France conducted iron ore trade with Charles Taylor during the height of the war. The UN was rendered almost powerless and America refused to save its stepchild. The war was filled with barbarity and ignorant mysticism beyond belief (i.e ritual killings, mutilations, cannibalism) and clearly than ever manifested the crisis that Robert Kaplan had envisioned in The Coming Anarchy. But there were several episodes in the story that made me laugh, not particularly because i was entertained, because they were disturbingly comical:1, after the fraudulent election in 1985, Doe manipulated the vote counting process and claimed 51% of the votes. the US State Dep unwittingly appraised him: The prospects for national reconciliation were brightened by Does claim that he won only a narrow 51% election victory virtually unheard of in the rest of African where incumbent rulers normally claim victories of 95 to 100%. Ronald Reagan lovingly called him Chairman Doe (Wow!). 2,After Doe took office, he banned all unauthorized gatherings lest the Liberian people’s “jubilation might get out hand”. 3, One of the rebel groups, the Liberian Peace Council army was called“Butt Naked Battalion”: they went into battle naked in the belief this would render them impervious to enemy fire. The general “we were nude, fearless, drunk and homicidal. We killed hundreds of people. But God Telephoned me and told me that i was not the hero so I stopped and became a preacher”. Generally, I like the book but sometimes it seems to me the book didnt go through any editing process, littered with simple grammatical errors. The torrent of acronyms and hordes of different names, groups, parties confused me too. But it provides a useful review of the endless catastrophe in war-torn western african countries.
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