Эмпатоген — WiKi

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Эмпатоген — WiKi

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Empathogens or entactogens are a class of psychoactive drugs that produce experiences of emotional communion, oneness, relatedness, emotional openness—that is, empathy or sympathy—as particularly observed and reported for experiences with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA. Entactogens are sometimes incorrectly referred to as hallucinogens or stimulants, although many entactogens such as ecstasy exhibit psychedelic or stimulant properties as well. The term empathogen , meaning 'generating a state of empathy ', was coined in —84 independently by Ralph Metzner and David E. Nichols as a term to denote a therapeutic class of drugs that includes MDMA and phenethylamine relatives. Both terms adopted and used in naming the class of therapeutic drugs for MDMA and related compounds were chosen with the intention of providing some reflection of the reported psychological effects associated with drugs in the classification and distinguishing these compounds from classical psychedelic drugs such as LSD , mescaline , and psilocybin and major stimulants , such as methamphetamine and amphetamine. While chemically related both to psychedelics and stimulants, the psychological effects experienced with MDMA were reported to provide obvious and striking aspects of personal relatedness, feelings of connectedness, communion with others, and ability to feel what others feel—in short an empathic resonance is consistently evoked. In contrast, the main characteristic that distinguishes MDMA from LSD-type experiences is the consistency of the effects of emotional communion, relatedness, emotional openness—in short, empathy and sympathy. The chemicals below have a varying degree of entactogenic effects; some of them induce additional effects, including serenic effects, stimulant effects, antidepressant effects, anxiolytic effects, and psychedelic effects. Psychiatrists began using empathogens as psychotherapy tools in the s despite the lack of clinical trials. Therapeutic models using MDMA have been studied because of its empathogenic properties. Traumatic memories can be linked to fear in the patients which makes engaging with these memories difficult. Administration of an empathogen such as MDMA allows the patient to disconnect from the fear associated with the traumatic memories and engage in therapy. In addition to reducing anxiety and a conditioned fear response, MDMA also reduces the avoidance of feelings. Although the therapeutic effects of empathogens may be promising, drugs such as MDMA have the potential for negative effects that are counter productive in a therapy setting. For example, MDMA may make negative cognition worse. High doses of MDMA may cause potential depletion of serotonergic axons. The same effects may not be caused by lower doses of MDMA required for treatment, however. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Class of psychoactive drugs that produce empathic experiences. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Counterculture Entheogen Smart shop Trip sitter Psychedelic microdosing. Bad trip Ecology Ego death Serotonergic psychedelic Therapy. Drug policy of the Netherlands Drug liberalization Legality of cannabis Legal status of psilocybin mushrooms Legal status of Salvia divinorum. Related topics. A dictionary of psychology. Stolerman, Ian P. Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Rochester, Vt: Park Street Press. Identification of a New Therapeutic Class: Entactogens'. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. Retrieved 6 January Retrieved 8 January Encyclopedia of emotion. Greenwood Press. The therapeutic use of Ayahuasca. Substituted amphetamine Sub. PEA Sub. Pharmacology : major drug groups. Emollients Cicatrizants Antipruritics Antipsoriatics Medicated dressings. Anticancer agents Antimetabolites Alkylating Spindle poisons Antineoplastic Topoisomerase inhibitors. Immunomodulators Immunostimulants Immunosuppressants. Decongestants Bronchodilators Cough medicines H 1 antagonists. Ophthalmologicals Otologicals. Antidotes Contrast media Radiopharmaceuticals Dressings Senotherapeutics. Categories : Entactogens and empathogens. Hidden categories: CS1 maint: extra text: authors list CS1 errors: missing periodical Articles with short description Articles needing additional references from January All articles needing additional references Portal templates with all redlinked portals Portal-inline template with redlinked portals Articles containing Greek-language text Articles containing Latin-language text Commons category link is on Wikidata. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Part of a series on. Law Drug policy of the Netherlands Drug liberalization Legality of cannabis Legal status of psilocybin mushrooms Legal status of Salvia divinorum.