Bratislava
BratislavaБратислава была построена на берегах Дуная, в предгорьях Малых Карпат. Официально словацкая столица делится на 5 районов и 17 городских частей. Исторические данные говорят о том, что первые поселения людей на этом месте относятся еще к эпохе неолита. До прихода славян в V веке на территории нынешней Братиславы жили кельтские, германские и римские племена. Первое упоминание о Братиславе в летописях ученые относят к году.
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Самые интересные места Братиславы + мои личные фото и впечатления о главном городе Словакии. Братислава – это тоже столица, стоящая на Дунае. И во время этой поездки я просто не мог упустить возможность погулять возле этой великой реки. Я фотографировал чаек, кружащих над головой.
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Братислава — столица Словакии. Это крупнейший словацкий город, расположенный в западной части страны. Достопримечательности Братиславы. Фотографии и видео. Исторический центр Братиславы невероятно красив. Это и не удивительно, ведь основанная более чем тысячелетие назад Братислава на протяжении лет была столицей могущественного венгерского королевства, местом коронации королей и императоров Австро-Венгрии.
Bratislava is in southwestern Slovakia, occupying both banks of the River Danube and the left bank of the River Morava. Bordering Austria and Hungary , it is the only national capital that borders two sovereign states. Bratislava is the political , cultural and economic centre of Slovakia. It is the seat of the Slovak president , the parliament and the Slovak Executive. It has several universities, and many museums, theatres, galleries and other cultural and educational institutions. GDP at purchasing power parity is about three times higher than in other Slovak regions. The city received its contemporary name in Until then, it was mostly known in English by its German name, Pressburg , since after it was dominated mostly by the Habsburg Monarchy and the city had a relevant ethnic-German population. The name Bratislava , which had been used only by some Slovak patriots, became official in March with the aim that a Slavic name could support the demands that the city should be part of Czechoslovakia. In older documents, confusion can be caused by the Latin forms Bratislavia, Wratislavia etc. The first known permanent settlement of the area began with the Linear Pottery Culture , around BC in the Neolithic era. About BC, the Celtic Boii tribe founded the first significant settlement, a fortified town known as an oppidum. They also established a mint , producing silver coins known as biatecs. The area fell under Roman influence from the 1st to the 4th century AD and was made part of the Danubian Limes , a border defence system. The Slavs arrived from the East between the 5th and 6th centuries during the Migration Period. The first written reference to a settlement named 'Brezalauspurc' dates to and is related to the Battle of Pressburg , during which a Bavarian army was defeated by the Hungarians. It is connected to the fall of Great Moravia, already weakened by its own inner decline \\\[24\\\] and under the attacks of the Hungarians. In the 10th century, the territory of Pressburg what would later become Pozsony county became part of Hungary called the ' Kingdom of Hungary ' from It was granted its first known 'town privileges' in by the Hungarian King Andrew III , \\\[28\\\] and was declared a free royal town in by King Sigismund. In he authorized the town to use its own coat of arms. The Turks besieged and damaged Pressburg, but failed to conquer it. The city became a coronation town and the seat of kings, archbishops , the nobility and all major organisations and offices. Between and , eleven Hungarian kings and queens were crowned at St. Pressburg flourished during the 18th-century reign of Queen Maria Theresa , \\\[33\\\] becoming the largest and most important town in Hungary. Joseph Haydn performed in in the Grassalkovich Palace. Many central offices subsequently moved to Buda , followed by a large segment of the nobility. The Peace of Pressburg between Austria and France was signed here in In Hungarian was proclaimed the official language in legislation, public administration and education by the Diet in the city. Industry developed rapidly in the 19th century. Many people were bi- or trilingual and multicultural. According to Marcell Jankovics, lawyer, publicist and member of the Hungarian Parliament, the Czechoslovak Legions opened fire on the unarmed demonstrators. A contemporary Slovak language newspaper reported that 'a mob spat on our soldiers, tore down badges from their hats, physically attacked them and shot on them from windows. Education in Hungarian and German was radically reduced in the city. Bratislava was bombarded by the Allies , occupied by German troops in , and eventually taken by troops of the Soviet 2nd Ukrainian Front on 4 April In , after the unsuccessful Czechoslovak attempt to liberalise the Communist regime, the city was occupied by Warsaw Pact troops. Shortly thereafter, it became capital of the Slovak Socialist Republic , one of the two states of the federalized Czechoslovakia. In , the city became the capital of the newly formed Slovak Republic following the Velvet Divorce. Bratislava is situated in southwestern Slovakia, within the Bratislava Region. Its location on the borders with Austria and Hungary makes it the only national capital that borders between two countries. It is only 18 kilometres The city has a total area of The river passes through the city from the west to the southeast. It is often windy with a marked variation between hot summers and cold, humid winters. The city is in one of the warmest and driest parts of Slovakia. Recently, the transitions from winter to summer and summer to winter have been rapid, with short autumn and spring periods. Snow occurs less frequently than previously. The cityscape of Bratislava is characterised by medieval towers and grandiose 20th-century buildings, but it underwent profound changes in a construction boom at the start of the 21st century. Most historical buildings are concentrated in the Old Town. The historic centre is characterised by many baroque palaces. The Grassalkovich Palace , built around , is now the residence of the Slovak president, and the Slovak government now has its seat in the former Archiepiscopal Palace. Notable cathedrals and churches include the Gothic St. Elizabeth , better known as the Blue Church due to its colour, is built entirely in the Hungarian Secessionist style. Bratislava has one surviving functioning synagogue , out of the three major ones existing before the holocaust. A curiosity is the underground formerly ground-level restored portion of the Jewish cemetery where 19th-century Rabbi Moses Sofer is buried, located at the base of the castle hill near the entrance to a tram tunnel. It offers an excellent view of the city and the Little Carpathians. In the early 21st century, new edifices have transformed the traditional cityscape. At the beginning of the 21st Century, a construction boom has spawned new public structures, \\\[92\\\] such as the Most Apollo and a new building of the Slovak National Theatre , \\\[93\\\] as well as private real-estate development. The castle hill site has been inhabited since the transitional period between the Stone and Bronze ages \\\[95\\\] and has been the acropolis of a Celtic town, part of the Roman limes Romanus, a huge Slavic fortified settlement, and a political, military and religious centre for Great Moravia. The castle was converted into a Gothic anti- Hussite fortress under Sigismund of Luxemburg in , became a Renaissance castle in , \\\[97\\\] and was rebuilt in in the baroque style. Under Queen Maria Theresa , the castle became a prestigious royal seat. In , the castle was inadvertently destroyed by fire and lay in ruins until the s, \\\[98\\\] when it was rebuilt mostly in its former Theresian style. It is one of the most important Slovak archaeological sites and contains a museum dedicated to its history. It is an important symbol of Slovak and Slavic history. Rusovce mansion , with its English park , is in the Rusovce borough. The house was originally built in the 17th century and was turned into an English neo-Gothic -style mansion in — Gerulata was built and used between the 1st and 4th centuries AD. Due to its location in the foothills of the Little Carpathians and its riparian vegetation on the Danubian floodplains , Bratislava has forests close to the city centre. The total amount of public green space is The Forest Park covers an area of The zoo, founded in , currently houses species of animals, including the rare white lion and white tiger. The Botanical Gardens, which belong to Comenius University , can be found on the Danube riverfront and house more than species of domestic and foreign origin. The city has a number of natural and man-made lakes, most of which are used for recreation. After the formation of the Czechoslovak Republic in , Bratislava remained a multi-ethnic city, but with a different demographic trend. Due to Slovakization , \\\[\\\] \\\[\\\] the proportion of Slovaks and Czechs increased in the city, while the proportion of Germans and Hungarians fell. The city thereby obtained its clearly Slovak character. The city also has many foreign embassies and consulates. The board is an executive and supervisory arm of the city council and also serves in an advisory role to the mayor. For self-governance purposes, the city is divided into 17 boroughs, each of which has its own mayor starosta and council. The number of councillors in each depends on the size and population of the borough. Further unofficial division recognizes additional quarters and localities. The Bratislava Region is the wealthiest and most economically prosperous region in Slovakia, despite being the smallest by area and having the third smallest population of the eight Slovak regions. The unemployment rate in Bratislava was 1. Companies operating predominantly in Bratislava with the highest value added according to the Trend Top ranking, include the Volkswagen Bratislava Plant , Slovnaft refinery MOL , Eset software developer , Asseco software company , PPC Power producer of heat and steam and Trenkwalder personnel agency. Volkswagen Group took over and expanded the BAZ factory in , and has since considerably expanded production beyond original Skoda Auto models. Since , production has also included the Volkswagen up! In recent years, service and high-tech -oriented businesses have prospered in Bratislava. In , Bratislava had 77 commercial accommodation facilities, of which 45 were hotels, with a total capacity of 9, beds. Altogether, visitors made 1,, overnight stays. Among other factors, the growth of low-cost airline flights to Bratislava, led by Ryanair , has led to conspicuous stag parties , primarily from the UK. A month before Christmas the Main Square in Bratislava is illuminated by a Christmas tree and the Christmas market stalls are officially opened. Around booths are opened every year. It is opened most of the day as well as in the evening. Bratislava is the cultural heart of Slovakia. Owing to its historical multi-cultural character, local culture is influenced by various ethnic and religious groups, including Germans, Slovaks, Hungarians, and Jews. Bratislava is the seat of the Slovak National Theatre , housed in two buildings. The new building, opened to the public in , is on the riverfront. Music in Bratislava flourished in the 18th century and was closely linked to Viennese musical life. Mozart visited the town at the age of six. Bratislava is home to both the Slovak Philharmonic Orchestra and the chamber orchestra , Capella Istropolitana. Apart from musical festivals, it is possible to hear music ranging from underground to well known pop stars. It is the largest cultural institution in Slovakia, and manages 16 specialized museums in Bratislava and beyond. It offers permanent displays in eight specialised museums. The Slovak National Gallery , founded in , offers the most extensive network of galleries in Slovakia. The Bratislava City Gallery , founded in , is the second-largest Slovak gallery of its kind. As the national capital, Bratislava is home to national and many local media outlets. Various sports and sports teams have a long tradition in Bratislava, with many teams and individuals competing in Slovak and international leagues and competitions. Football is currently represented by the only club playing in the top Slovak football league, the Fortuna Liga. Another known club from the city is FK Inter Bratislava. There are many more clubs with long tradition and successful history despite the lack of success in last years, e. LP Domino Bratislava currently playing in 4. It hosts several international and national canoe and kayak competitions annually. The National Tennis Centre, which includes Aegon Arena , hosts various cultural, sporting and social events. Several Davis Cup matches have been played there, including the Davis Cup final. Bratislava is also the centre of rugby union in Slovakia. The first university in Bratislava, in the Kingdom of Hungary and also in the territory of present-day Slovakia was Universitas Istropolitana , founded in by King Matthias Corvinus. It was closed in after his death. Bratislava is the seat of the largest university Comenius University , 27, students , \\\[\\\] the largest technical university Slovak University of Technology , 18, students , \\\[\\\] and the oldest art schools the Academy of Performing Arts and the Academy of Fine Arts and Design in Slovakia. Other institutions of tertiary education are the public University of Economics and the first private college in Slovakia, City University of Seattle. There are 65 public primary schools , nine private primary schools and ten religious primary schools. The Slovak Academy of Sciences is also based in Bratislava. However, the city is one of the few European capitals to have neither an observatory nor a planetarium. The geographical position of Bratislava in Central Europe has long made it a natural crossroads for international trade traffic. The A6 motorway between Bratislava and Vienna was opened in November The Port of Bratislava is one of the two international river ports in Slovakia. The airport is located 9 kilometres 5. It serves civil and governmental, scheduled and unscheduled domestic and international flights. The current runways support the landing of all common types of aircraft currently used. It served 2,, passengers in Bratislava is twinned with:. The first agreement was signed with the city of Perugia , Umbria , in Italy on July 18, People who have received the honorary citizenship of Bratislava are:. Main entrance of the Bratislava Castle. Hviezdoslav Square. Church of Saint Stephen. Trinitarian Church. Polus City Shopping Center. Slovak Radio headquarters building. The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive 'Statny Archiv in Bratislava, Slovakia'. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Capital of Slovakia. Capital city in Slovakia. Bratislava montage. Clockwise from top left: View of Bratislava from the castle , St. Coat of arms. Location of Bratislava in the Bratislava Region. Main articles: History of Bratislava and Timeline of Bratislava. Main article: Geography of Bratislava. Destinations from Bratislava. See also: List of palaces in Bratislava. Church of St. Main Square. Main article: Bratislava Castle. Bratislava Castle. Further information: Parks and gardens in Bratislava. Main article: Demographics of Bratislava. Main article: Economy of Bratislava. See also: List of tallest buildings in Bratislava. See also: Tourism in Slovakia. Old Town Hall , the oldest city hall in the country. Aupark shopping mall. Interior of Eurovea shopping mall. Sculptures in Eurovea shopping center. Main article: Museums and galleries of Bratislava. Slovak National Gallery. Main article: Sport in Bratislava. Ondrej Nepela Arena , ice-hockey and mixed use arena. Main Building Hall of the University of Economics. Bratislava is also served by the Vienna International Airport located 49 kilometres See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Slovakia. Main article: List of people from Bratislava. View from the Slovak National Uprising Bridge. Laurinc Gate. Apollo Bridge. Europe portal Slovakia portal European Union portal. Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. Retrieved April 16, December 31, Retrieved February 5, Finance New Europe. Archived from the original on December 10, Retrieved May 8, Project Rastko. Retrieved February 14, City of Bratislava. 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Archived from the original on February 12, Archived from the original on May 6, October 19, Retrieved October 19, January 13, Retrieved January 13, Retrieved September 2, Districts of Bratislava Region. Boroughs of Bratislava by district. Administrative seats of Slovak regions. The Danube. Capitals of European states and territories. Capitals of dependent territories and states whose sovereignty is disputed shown in italics. Capital cities of the member states of the European Union. Namespaces Article Talk. Views Read Edit View history. In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikinews Wikivoyage. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Capital city. Flag Coat of arms. Source: Pogodaiklimat. Bratislava II. Bratislava III. Bratislava IV. Bratislava V. President of Czechoslovakia — and President of the Czech Republic — \\\[\\\]. Major General Roy Martin Umbarger. United States Army Officer \\\[\\\]. Netherlands : Amsterdam. Greece : Athens. Germany : Berlin. 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Bratislava, marec - Základné umelecké školy (ZUŠ) a centrá voľného času (CVČ) v Bratislave sú tak ako všetky školy a školské zariadenia kvôli situácii s koronavírusom zatvorené. V umeleckom vzdelávaní však pokračujú ďalej. Učitelia vyučujú online.
Братислава (Словакия) - самая подробная информация о городе с фото. Главные достопримечательности Братиславы с описанием, путеводители и карты. Братислава (Словакия) - самая подробная информация о городе с фото. Главные достопримечательности Братиславы с описанием, путеводители и карты. Город Братислава (Словакия). Братислава - столица и крупнейший город Словакии.
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