Biopotential amplifiers pdf

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Bioamplifiers 2. Basic requirements. • Increase signal amplitude and decrease source impedance - power amplifiers. • Source impedance high and unknown. (e.g. electrodes) => input impedance high >. 10 M?. • Safety - minimal leakage currents. • Limited but adequate bandwidth. • High common mode voltage rejection. R. output impedance of the amplifier. • should be low to drive any external load with minimal distortion. • gain greater than 1000. • biopotentials are typically less than a millivolt. • most biopotential amplifiers are differential. • signals are recorded using a bipolar electrodes which are symmetrically located. • high common mode SA node (heart pace maker) initiate signal to atriums causing it to contract > blood flows through valves to ventricles. • Impulse flows till it reaches AV node. • AV node fires a signal along the bundle of his and ventricles contract in top to bottom fashion to push the blood out of the heart. • en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: Amplifiers are an important part of modern instrumentation system for measuring biopotentials. • Such measurements involve voltages that often are at low levels, have high source impedances, or both. • These Amplifiers that have been designed specifically for this type of processing of biopotentials are know as Hsiao-Lung Chan, Ph.D. Dept Electrical Engineering. Chang Gung University, Taiwan chanhl@mail.cgu.edu.tw. Page 2. HL Chan , EE, CGU. Biopotential amplifiers 2. Operational amplifier. Practical. Ideal. Page 3. HL Chan , EE, CGU. Biopotential amplifiers 3. Ideal vs. practical OP amp. Page 4. HL Chan , EE, CGU. 3 Feb 2015 6. BIOPOTENTIAL AMPLIFIERS. Michael R. Neuman. Amplifiers are an important part of modern instrumentation systems for measuring biopotentials. Such measurements involve voltages that often are at low levels, have high source impedances, or both. Amplifiers are required to increase signal strength. Thus, amplifier must have high CMRR in or- der to reject this common-mode signal. The differential DC electrode offset voltage, which is orders of magnitude larger than the biopotential signals, must be rejected to prevent the saturation of the amplifier. Therefore, the biopotential amplifier must have HPF characteristics. Use of biopotential amplifiers. • Increase the amplitude (voltage, current, power) of biopotential signals. • Isolation of load from source. ? Basic requirements of biopotential amplifiers. • High input impedance for minimal loading: > 10 M?. • Input protection. • Isolation for safety. • Low output impedance. • Optimal bandwidth for Introduction to Biopotential Amplifiers. ? Common properties of biopotential amplifiers. Electrocardiography. Cardiac vector model. ECG leads and lead configurations. Einthoven's Triangle. Measuring ECG They have to provide amplification selective to the physiological signal, reject superimposed noise and interference signals, and guarantee protection from damages through voltage and current surges for both patient and electronic equipment. Amplifiers featuring these specifications are known as biopotential amplifiers.