Antibiotics pharmacology.pdf

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I. Antibiotics: Overview. A. Definitions. Definition: Antibiotics are molecules that kill, or stop the growth of, microorganisms, including both bacteria and fungi. Antibiotics that kill bacteria are called "bactericidal". Antibiotics that stop the growth of bacteria are called "bacteriostatic". B. Why do we want to kill bacteria? Types of History. Selman Abraham Waksman. – Soil Streptomyces make antibiotics. – comes up with definition of antibiotic. – Streptomycin the first antituberculoticum. ORIGIN: Penicillin development. DRUG: Streptomycin. (1943). NOBEL: 1952 SLOs. Describe the history of chemotherapy. Name the microbes that produce the most antibiotics. Describe problems of chemo- therapy for viral, fungal, protozoan, and helminthic infections. Define: Therapeutic index, antibiotic, activity spectrum, bacteriostatic, -cidal. Identify five modes of action of antimicrobial drugs. 22 Sep 2014 Structure of the lecture. • History of antibiotics. • Principles of antibiotic treatment. • Mode of actions of antibiotics. • Resistance to antibiotics. • Determination of antibiotic sensitivity Chapter 10 Antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents. I. Definition of an antibiotic. A. The ideal antimicrobial agent should he nontoxic to the host (selective toxicity), non-allergenic, soluble in body fluids, able to be maintained at therapeutic levels, have a low probability of eliciting resistance, long shelf life, and low cost. Upon completion of this module you will be able to: • Explain why susceptibility testing is done. • Define the terms, bacteriostatic and bactericidal. • Describe the functional antibiotic classification scheme and list the 5 main groups. • Name at least one antibiotic in each class. • Describe the structure of a Gram-positive and Chemotherapy is the use of any chemical agent in the treatment of disease. A chemotherapeutic agent or drug is any chemical agent used in medical practice. An antibiotic agent is usually considered to be a chemical substance made by a microorganism that can inhibit the growth or kill microorganisms. An antimicrobic or 3. therapeutic and non-therapeutic antibiotic usage and application in animals; and. 4. prudent use of antibiotics in animals. Pharmacology Module Outline. I. Historical Perspectives a. Ancient times b. Pre-antibiotic era c. Antibiotic age d. Post-antibiotic era? II. Introduction to veterinary antimicrobials a. Introduction b. program is to ensure that every patient at Hopkins on antibiotics gets optimal therapy. These guidelines are a step in that direction. The guidelines were initially developed by Arjun Srinivasan, M.D., and. Alpa Patel, Pharm.D., in 2002 and have been revised and expanded annually. These guidelines are based on current CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY OF ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY. P. M. WILKINSON. Knowledge of how the body handles a drug, in parti- cular an understanding of absorption, distribution and excretion, helps to provide rational dose regimes which give therapeutic concentrations but keep ad- verse reactions to a minimum.